MANAGEMENT VOCABULARY

Many young students like to get a management degree.  Surely, it is a passport to a good career. Management encompasses many many things. It has it's own vocabulary.  

Management is concerned with business.  Getting things done. Can you manage to do this?  Managing a business requires many skills. Management is not simply some bookish knowledge.  Management is application of knowledge to practical life. Of course,there are many theories on management.  But if you can't apply the theories to actual life,you are not a good manager.

When you are a MANAGER, you are a BOSS for persons working under you. You are expected to SUPERVISE those who work under you. You give them GUIDANCE when needed.You should develop

your LEADERSHIP qualities.

You are in COMMAND. As a manager you order your subordinates to do or not to do a thing.

In any organization, there is a HIERARCHY. What does it mean? A series of persons one below the other from the top to the bottom level is hierarchy.  It is also a CHAIN OF COMMAND.

A hierarchy is like a pyramid.  The top of the pyramid is just a point. As you go down, it gets larger. In any business or other type of organization,the CHIEF EXECUTIVE will be at the top of the organization.  As you go down the line,the number of people increases.

The different LEVELS of an organization are known as ECHELONS. The meaning of the word," echelon" is the rung of a ladder. So echelon denotes a level in a hierarchy.

PECKING ORDER indicates the relative importance of people in a hierarchy.  Those at the top are given more importance.

We shall continue in subsequent posts.

Sayee Jayaraman

24/02/2015

SLEEP DISORDERS

When you travel during night in a train,your sleep is sometimes disturbed by the SNORING of some passengers. When you snore,you breathe noisily through the mouth and the nose.

When you are not able to sleep at all for some reason or other, you suffer from INSOMNIA. It is also SLEEPLESSNESS.

APNEA ( APNOEA ) means a condition in which a person stops breathing during sleep.

When you are not able to sleep properly, you are RESTLESS.

Lack of sleep is also called SLEEP DEPRIVATION.

PAROSOMNIA is disruptive sleep disorder.  Nightmares, sleep walking, night terrors confusional arousals are types of PAROSOMNIA.

NIGHTMARE is a dream that is frightening and unpleasant.

NIGHT TERRORS occur in children. They are episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep.

NARCOLEPSY is a condition when one falls into deep sleep in relaxing surroundings.

When you grind your teeth during sleep,you suffer from BRUXISM.

When one feels he or she is awake during sleep but is not able to move his limbs, such a condition is called SLEEP PARALYSIS.

There is a sort of regularity in the bodily activities of human beings in the course of 24 hour / daily cycle. This is called CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. The circadian rhythm can be disturbed for several reasons.  That may also affect a person's sleep.

That is all for today.

Happy learning.

Sayee Jayaraman

23/02/2015

SLEEP AND MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES

SLEEP AND MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES

Sleep is associated with many mythological figures. It is interesting to learn these as many words in English are derived the names of these figures.

HYPNOS

Hypnos is the Greek god of sleep. He lives in a cave. All sorts of plants which induce sleep are around him.There are no doors or gates in his cave. Poppy plant is his symbol. What are the English words derived from " Hypnosis " ?


HYPNOTISM

This is the science of inducing a person to reach a hypnotic state or sleeping state. " HYPNOTIZE" is the verb .

HYPNOSIS

What is hypnosis ?  When you are hypnotized successfully , you are in HYPNOSIS,an unconscious state during which you will obey the commands of the HYPNOTIST.

HYPNOTHERAPY

It means a method of treatment which uses hypnotism to cure physical or emotional problems.

THANATOS

THANATOS  is the half - brother of Hypnos and is the personification of death.

THANATOLOGY is the science of study of death.

" thanatos" is the death instinct in psychoanalysis. Please use lower case for this word.

MORPHEUS

The son of HYPNOS is MORPHEUS . He is the god of dreams.

When you are in the arms of Morpheus, you are asleep.

MORPHINE is a drug given to relieve pain.The drug induces sleep.


SOMNUS

SOMNUS is the Roman god of sleep.

SOMNAMBULISM is a condition in which a person walks while sleeping. It means sleepwalking.

SOMNILOQUENCE is talking during sleep.

SOMNOLENT is an adjective which means almost , " asleep".

After lunch, it is a somnolent period for me.


SOPORIFIC

Soporific means something which induces sleep. A drug can be soporific. A dull lecture may be soporific.


That is all for now.

I'll continue in my next posts.

Happy Learning !

Sayee Jayaraman
22/02/2015






I

amazingvocabulary: SLEEP - EXPRESSIONS

amazingvocabulary: SLEEP - EXPRESSIONS: In this post let us learn some expressions using the word, " sleep". " sleep with" , "  sleep around  ",...

SLEEP - EXPRESSIONS

In this post let us learn some expressions using the word, " sleep".

" sleep with" ," sleep around ", " sleep together " - all the above expresions have sexual connotations.  

English learners should be very careful with the use of prepositions after a verb. With a verb like " sleep" ,if you use wrong prepositions, you had it. You will make a fool of yourself. You may say something not intended by you.

" sleep like a log"

This is a nice idiom. When you are very tired,you sleep like a log.

That means you sleep soundly.

" to sleep on it"

When you don't want to decide an issue immediately or in a hurry, you sleep on it. Perhaps, you may give the decision tomorrow.  You have time to deliberate and take a correct decision.

I had to solve a tough problem in maths. I slept on it. Lo! I could solve it in a trice the next day.

" Not to lose sleep over something"

The above expresion means " not to worry too much over an issue"

John,please complete the job by tomorrow evening.  But don't lose your sleep over it as you have plenty of time.

" Let sleeping dogs lie"

When we don't want to reopen some past problems which were unpleasant and troublesome, we use the above expresions.

Peter, my cousin John is visiting us today. Please don't discuss with him his earlier relationship with Jane. Let sleeping dogs lie.

" Sleeping Partner"

In a business partnership,if a partner is not involved in the daily affairs of the business,then such a partner is known as sleeping partner.

My wife has invested considerable amount in my business.  But she is a sleeping partner only.

" Could do something in one's sleep "

The above expresion means that the work to be done is easy as the concerned person has sufficient expertise and skill to do the job easily.

Give Ramanujan a tough problem in number theory. He could do it in his sleep.

" to sleep out"

The expresion means that one sleeps in a place other than his home. In the case of domestic help, it means that she sleeps in a place other than her place of work.

I have lots of work to do.   I may even have to sleep out for a day or two.

" put to sleep "

The above expresion means killing an animal gently for various reasons.

Municipal authorities put to sleep nearly 100 stray dogs last month.

That is all for now.

Happy learning!

Sayee Jayaraman

21/02/2015

SLEEP 1

We spend nearly one third of our lives in SLEEP.  In this post,let us reflect on the words and expressions associated with sleep in the English language.

When you are not sleeping, you are AWAKE. When you are awake, you are conscious of your surroundings.  You are aware of what is happening around you.

When you are having sound sleep,you are not aware of what is happening around you. Sleep can be described as DEEP SLEEP or DISTURBED SLEEP.

There is an acronym associated with sleep. It is REM.

REM means Rapid Eye Movement. Before we fall asleep,we have rapid eye movement.  When children fall asleep, one can notice rapid eye movements.

During sleep,we DREAM.  In dream, we experience things as in real life. But once you wake up,the dream vanishes.  So dream has no reality.

When somebody lives in a DREAM WORLD,what the person believes to be true has no basis in reality.

There is a belief that our dreams have significance.  So people start interpreting dreams.  Dr. Sigmund Freud is well-know for his interpretation of dreams.  Each culture has its own way of interpreting dreams.

Some people think that dreams PORTEND something which will happen in future.

When you have a great desire to achieve something in life,you say," I HAVE A DREAM". When you are successful in achieving what you desired,you say," I have realized my dream."

Sometimes we sleep in the daytime,especially after lunch for a short period. It is called NAP.This word can be used both as a noun and verb. It is said that a short nap has beneficial effects on one's health. There is an expression," He was caught napping " . It means that the person was inattentive.

SLUMBER is a synonym for sleep. This word can be used both as a noun and as a verb. Remember, it is a literary word.

He is in deep slumber.  It means that he is asleep.

While listening to a lecture in which you are not much interested,you start DOZING.  Doze is a light sleep.

You SNOOZE sometimes in your sofa.  SNOOZE is also a light sleep, not on your bed.

Another synonym for light sleep is DROWSE.

CATNAP is another word for a short sleep. This word can be used both as  a verb and as a noun.

If you have a tendency to sleep unusually for a long time,then you are LETHARGIC. The noun is LETHARGY.  It means laziness.

When something is not active,we use the word " DORMANT ".

This word comes from the French word comes" Dormir " which means " to sleep".

When a person faints,he or she is temporarily unconscious. There may be many reasons for fainting. The more serious condition is COMA.  Coma is a state in which the person is unconscious for a very long time and needs medical help for restoring normalcy.The reasons for Coma may be injury to the brain.

I shall continue this subject in my subsequent posts.

Sayee Jayaraman

19/02/2015

HEALTH & MEDICAL VOCABULARY 5

Let us talk more of health and medicine.

There is an old saying,

A sound mind in a sound body.

Here " sound" means " in a good condition ".

When the body is in a good condition, the mind also will be good. No one can have any other view. Even a slight headache can be annoying.

Health is also physical well-being.

We use the term mental health often. There are many terms associated with mental health. You say, " I am not in a good mood today ". You may be worried over something.

Sometimes, a person is depressed.  What does it mean? When one is sad and without hope, the person is said to be depressed. He or she suffers from depression. DEPRESSION is a medical condition related to mental health. Several things may cause depression in persons. A chronic disease,financial insecurity, uneasy relationships,setbacks in career etc may trigger depression. A person suffering from depression may consult a PSYCHIATRIST.

Who is a PSYCHIATRIST? A doctor who treats mental illness is know as Psychiatrist. The branch of medicine dealing with mental illness is known as PSYCHIATRY.

A related term is ANALYSIS.

What does it mean in the context of psychiatry? Analysis is also known as PSYCHOANALYSIS.

It is a method of treating mental illness by asking the patient to talk about his past experiences. By this the PSYCHOANALYST attempts to resolve the patient' s problems which trouble him or her.

Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis.

Mental illness can be cured by drugs also. There are certain drugs known as ANTI-DEPRESSANTS. These drugs are used to treat depression . When you suffer from excessive anxiety, doctors may prescribe TRANQUILIZERS for you. They are drugs used to treat anxiety. They make your mind calm and you sleep.

There are certain substances and drugs which may change your mood. They are known as MOOD- ALTERING SUBSTANCES OR DRUGS.

When a mental illness is treated only by psychoanalysis and not by drugs, the method of treatment is known as PSYCHOTHERAPY.

Patients with mental illness may see or hear things which do not exist. They HALLUCINATE. Such a phenomenon is called," HALLUCINATION". Certain drugs produce hallucination. They are called," HALLUCINOGENS ". One such drug is LSD.Another word for such drugs is PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS.

When a disease is caused due to a mental condition, it is known as a PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASE.

A serious mental condition affecting a person' s entire personality is called PSYCHOSIS.

Treating mental illness by asking patients to act events from their past experiences is known as PSYCHODRAMA.

We shall continue in the next post.

Sayee Jayaraman

18/02/2015